"THE BLUE DAHLIA" (1946) Review

"THE BLUE DAHLIA" (1946) Review

Sometime during World War II, novelist Raymond Chandler was hired by Paramount Pictures to co-write the 1944 film classic, "DOUBLE INDEMNITY", with writer-director Billy Wilder. Another two years passed before the studio assigned him to write a post-war film noir movie, 1946’s "THE BLUE DAHLIA".

Directed by George Marshall, ”THE BLUE DAHLIA” was about a U.S. Navy pilot, Lieutenant-Commander Johnny Morrison, who returns home to Los Angeles with his buddies and medically discharged crew mates, Buzz Wanchek and George Copeland. Buzz is prone to memory lapses and headaches, and is often short tempered, all likely due to his head wound. Johnny finds his wife Helen living and partying in a hotel bungalow. He also spots her kissing her boyfriend, owner of the Blue Dahlia nightclub, Eddie Harwood. After punching Eddie, Johnny lets Helen know that he is willing to try to salvage their marriage. However, Helen is not willing and she informs him that their son did not die of diptheria as she had written, but from a car accident caused by her when she was drunk. Johnny momentarily threatens her with a gun, but decides she is not worth the trouble. He leaves her, taking a framed photograph of their son. Helen meets both Buzz (who has been searching for Johnny) and Eddie before she is mysteriously shot to death in the stomach.

”THE BLUE DAHLIA” is a pretty solid murder mystery that featured the second of three movies with Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake. Chandler created some very interesting characters, including the smarmy Eddie Harwood, who seemed very adept at seducing married wives like Helen Morrison and hiring others to do his dirty work; Helen Morrison, who seemed like a curious mixture of a bitchy wife and a grieving mother; the solid Johnny Morrison, who manages to radiate an aura of menace when crossed; and the nosy and sharp-tongued hotel detective, “Dad” Newell. But Chandler’s best creation turned out to be Buzz Wanchek, a loyal, Navy veteran with a short temper, dislike of jazz music and a metal plate in his head.

As I had stated earlier, Chandler’s story proved to be pretty solid. His skillful setup of Helen Morrison’s murder made it easy for many of the characters to become suspects. Johnny’s discovery of her affair with Eddie Harwood and their subsequent violent quarrel made him an easy suspect. The script eventually revealed that Helen had discovered that Eddie Harwood was a wanted fugitive sought by the New Jersey cops for the death of a man during a robbery, fifteen years earlier. Johnny also met one Joyce Harwood, Eddie’s estranged wife, who had become weary of her husband’s infidelity. And finally there was Buzz, who had been seen meeting Helen at her hotel’s bar and following her to her bungalow. All of this had been witnessed by “Dad” Newell. I understand that Chandler had intended the mystery to evolve into a message about the difficulties – medical and otherwise – faced by veterans returning home from the war. This message would have been utilized with the revelation of Buzz as Helen’s killer. The movie also featured some brutal fight scenes between Ladd and the actors portraying Eddie Harwood’s thugs. In fact, I have noticed that a good number of brutal fights always seemed to pop up in many of Ladd’s movies. Director George Marshall certainly did justice to the fight scene in ”THE BLUE DAHLIA” that rivaled those found in other Ladd crime dramas.

Unfortunately, ”THE BLUE DAHLIA” had some flaws that prevented it from being better than it could. One, I found Sam Comer and James M. Walters Senior’s set decorations to be pedestrian . . . almost cheap looking. And Lionel Lindon’s uninspiring cinematography did not help. And the movie could have benefited with a better score than the one provided by Victor Young, the same composer who won a posthumous Oscar for 1956’s ”AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS”. And thanks to the U.S. military and the Production Code Administration under Joseph Breen, Chandler was forced to neuter his script by tossing aside the resolution that made Buzz the murderer. Both Chandler and Marshall were forced to dump the crime on another character, in what seemed like a contrived plot twist.

If there is one thing that ”THE BLUE DAHLIA” benefited was from its cast. Chandler had compared Alan Ladd to Warners star, Humphrey Bogart, to the former’s detriment. One, I have no idea why Chandler had even bothered to compare the two actors. Both had their own styles as leading men in a crime drama. Which is probably why both men became Hollywood icons. Ladd certainly gave a top-notch performance as returning veteran Johnny Morrison. His best scenes included one he shared with Doris Dowling that featured the bitter argument and marital breakup of the Morrisons; another with Howard Da Silva, in which Morrison revealed his knowledge of Harwood’s past as a wanted fugitive; and finally the fight scene between Johnny and Harwood’s thugs. Not only did he handle the fight scenes very well, he also proved that he could be a first-rate dramatic performer, who knew how to act in front of a camera.

Ladd received solid support from Veronica Lake, who gave a charming performance as the compassionate and perhaps, slightly manipulative Joyce Harwood, the nightclub owner’s estranged wife. I was very impressed by Doris Dowling’s portrayal of the morally conflicted Helen Morrison. Not only did she convey the woman’s bitchy personality with great effect, but also her lingering grief over her son’s death. Howard Da Silva was superb as nightclub owner Eddie Harwood. The actor did justice to Chandler’s portrayal of a man ruthless enough to deal with any threat to his livelihood, yet compassionate enough to feel remorse over his killing of an innocent man during a bank robbery. And character actor Will Wright gave a humorous and complex portrayal of the nosy and slimy house detective, “Dad” Newell. Hugh Beaumont gave a solid performance as one of Johnny’s friends, the level-headed and dependable George Copeland; but his portrayal did not exactly set me on fire. On the other hand, William Bendix’s portrayal of a slightly disturbed Buzz Wanchek did. His performance struck me as funny, caustic and a bit frightening at times. He was very effective in conveying the aftereffects of a man who had not only been trained to kill, but whose war wound (which resulted in a metal plate in the head) led him to suffer from a great deal of mental stress.

Do not get me wrong. I enjoyed ”THE BLUE DAHLIA”. Chandler’s mystery struck me as solid and well written. And the movie benefited from a strong cast led by Alan Ladd. But it lacked any production values – set decorations, photography and score – that struck me as impressive. And in the end, the movie’s finale was undermined by censorship from the U.S. military and the local censor board. But I can honestly say that it is worth viewing.

"THE BLUE DAHLIA" (1946) Photo Gallery

Below are images from the 1946 crime drama, "THE BLUE DAHLIA". Written by Raymond Chandler and directed by George Marshall, the movie starred Alan Ladd, Veronica Lake and William Bendix: 


"THE BLUE DAHLIA" (1946) Photo Gallery

"THE GREAT GATSBY" (1974) Review

"THE GREAT GATSBY" (1974) Review

Many years have passed since I last saw "THE GREAT GATSBY", the 1974 adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel. Many years. I must have been in my twenties when I last viewed the movie on television. With the release of Baz Luhrmann's new adaptation, I found myself curious to see how this 39 year-old movie still held up.

Directed by Jack Clayton and adapted by Francis Ford Coppola, "THE GREAT GATSBY" is a Jazz Age tale about a World War I veteran who becomes rich via bootlegging. His story is told from the viewpoint of another war veteran and Midwestern transplant, Nick Carraway, who happens to be his neighbor. Through Nick's narration, audiences become aware of Gatsby's obsessive love for his former paramour and Nick's second cousin, a Louisville native named Daisy Fay Buchanan. Gatsby became rich, purchased a Long Island estate and befriended Nick in order to be near Daisy, who lived in the more socially elite part of Long Island with her husband Tom Buchanan and their daughter. With Nick's help, Gatsby hopes to renew his romance with Daisy and convince her to leave the brutish Tom in order to recapture their romantic past.

So . . . what can I say about "THE GREAT GATSBY"? For one thing, it is an elegant looking film. And one can thank John Box's production designs, which beautifully recapture the super rich of the Jazz Age. Box's designs were aptly supported by the set decorations of Peter Howitt and Herbert F. Mulligan. Good examples of Howitt and Mulligan's work can be found in the movie's opening shot that feature the interiors of Gatsby's Long Island home. Another aspect of "THE GREAT GATSBY" that contributed to the film's elegance was Theoni V. Aldredge's costumes. I must admit that they are gorgeous. Take a look:



Aldredge had stiff competition for the Best Costume Design Academy Award, but in the end she won. Did she deserve that Oscar? I do not know. One of her competitors was Anthea Sylbert, who was nominated for her work on "CHINATOWN". As much as I enjoyed Aldredge's work, Sylbert's work struck me as equally impressive. The two designers could have easily shared an Oscar. However, I did discover something interesting - although Aldredge did most of the work for the female leads and supporting characters, producer David Merrick hired designer Ralph Lauren to design the costumes for leading male characters - Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway and Tom Buchanan. Although Lauren did not receive any recognition for his work, I must admit they looked great, even if I possess a bigger preference for Aldredge's work.

Douglas Slocombe's photography also contributed the elegant look and style of "THE GREAT GATSBY". Mind you, Slocombe's shots of the film's locations - New York, Rhode Island and Great Britain - looked beautiful. But his photography also had that soft focus look that practically screamed PERIOD DRAMA!". It was the kind of photography that was very popular in the 1970s and still annoys me to this day. Nelson Riddle won an Academy Award for the score he wrote for the film. I wish I could say that I enjoyed it and found it very effective. Actually, I found Riddle's score to be incredibly boring. The music sounded as if it belonged in a television one-hour drama, instead of a Hollywood film adaptation of a classic novel. The only music that I managed to enjoy in the film were the 1920s tunes featured in the Gatsby party scenes.

What can I say about Francis Ford Coppola's adaptation of Fitzgerald's novel? Actually, I cannot say a word. According to Coppola, what he wrote and what ended on the screen proved to be two different entities. Even screenwriter William Goldman, who had read Coppola's original screenplay, seemed indifferent to Jack Clayton's changes to the script. I have seen at least three adaptations of Fitzgerald's novel. This is probably the most faithful adaptation I have come across. Unfortunately, this close adaptation did not really help the movie. I have no idea what kind of movie "THE GREAT GATSBY" would have become if Clayton had adhered to Coppola's script. But judging from the nature of Clayton's direction, I suspect that it would not have helped in the end. Clayton's direction proved to be incredibly dull. In fact, he nearly drained the life out of Fitzgerald's tale. I think Clayton took the concept of period drama a bit too far. I got the feeling that I was watching a "MASTERPIECE THEATER" production that originated on the BBC, instead of a film adaptation of Fitzgerald's novel. And honestly? I have come across "MASTERPIECE THEATER" productions that proved to be a lot more energetic.

Some of the movie's scenes turned out well. I was impressed by the party scenes at Gatsby's house, even if screenwriter William Goldman found them vulgar. The scenes' "vulgarity" did not bother me, because I found them entertaining and energetic. Those scenes, by the way, featured appearances by future star Edward Herrmann, who eventually starred in his own 1920s opus, "THE CAT'S MEOW" twenty-seven years later. I also enjoyed the party held by the adulterous Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson at their own New York hideaway, even if it was nearly bogged down by Myrtle's account of her first meeting with Tom. I also thought that Clayton handled the discovery of Myrtle's death very well. It struck me as especially effective, thanks to a flashback of the hit-and-run that claimed her life. The movie's best scene proved to be Gatsby and Tom's confrontation over Daisy at the Plaza Hotel suite. This is not surprising, since this scene has proven to be the best in all of the adaptations I have seen and in the novel. My only complaint is that Clayton or the script cut it short by allowing Daisy to flee the suite before she could say anything or make a decision about her relationships with both Gatsby and Tom.

But the movie's slow pace and reverent exploration of the Jazz Age wealth featured in the production designs nearly grounded "THE GREAT GATSBY" to a halt. I take that back. The slow pacing and obsession with the 1920s production designs proved to be impediments to the movie. But the Gatsby-Daisy love scenes nearly grounded the movie to a halt. I found them incredibly boring. Mindlessly dull. I had to hit the "fast-forward" button of my DVD remote every time Robert Redford and Mia Farrow appeared in a scene alone. They had no screen chemistry whatsoever. Between Redford's silent intensity and Farrow's over-the-top impersonation of Zelda Fitzgerald, there seemed to be no middle ground between them in order to form a believable romance. Daisy Buchanan was supposed to be Jay Gatsby's "American Dream" - his final rung into the world of the American elite. But I had a difficult time accepting this, while growing increasingly bored over Redford and Farrow's non-existent screen chemistry. Redford and Farrow are partially to blame, due to their performances. But I place most of the blame on Clayton who did not even bother to rectify this flaw.

"THE GREAT GATSBY" was also sabotaged by one particular scene in which Gatsby confronted Daisy over her decision to marry Tom and not bother to wait for his return from the war and France. I must admit that Redford did some of his best acting in this scene. Unfortunately, I found his efforts a complete waste of time. There was no need for this scene. Why would Gatsby confront Daisy on this matter? He knew why she had dumped him in the first place. Why else would he bother to get into bootlegging in order to quickly acquire a great deal of money and a mansion across the bay from her husband's Long Island home? Even after Daisy finally admitted that "nice rich girls do not marry poor boys", either Clayton, Coppola's screenplay or both failed to explore the consequences of Daisy's confession. Instead, the movie immediately jumped to the scene featuring the Buchanans' visit to one of Gatsy's Saturday night parties. In other words, this scene was a complete waste of time.

I also found the lack of African-Americans in this movie rather puzzling. "THE GREAT GATSBY" is set in Manhattan and Long Island, during the early years of the Jazz Age (although the movie changed the story's setting to 1925). One would think some of the super rich had black servants. The movie did feature a few black characters in the scene at Wilson's Garage, following Myrtle's death in the Valley of Ashes. But that is it. I did not expect any major or supporting black characters in this story. But the servants featured in the Buchanans and Jay Gatsby's mansions were all white. Even the jazz musicians who performed at Gatsby's parties were white. Even more incredible, they were white, middle-aged men between the ages of 40 and 55. This sounds plausible in the post-World War II era in which one would find such bands engaged in musical nostalgia at some quaint nightclub or community event. However, we are talking about the 1920s. All white jazz bands seem plausible if the performers had been between the ages of 18 and 30. But these jazz musicians were middle-aged. White, middle-aged jazz musicians in 1925? Perhaps some did exist. But this is the only adaptation of Fitzgerald's novel in which I have come across this phenomenon.

Jack Clayton's direction did nothing for most of the performances in this film. As I had earlier pointed out, Robert Redford's Jay Gatsby spent most of the film looking iconic and acting mysterious. What happened to the hopeful loser from Fitzgerald's tale? Even Redford managed to beautifully portray a similar character with great success in 1973's "THE STING". Perhaps he simply lost interest, thanks to Clayton's direction. However, I must admit that Redford had at least two great moments. Despite my dislike of the scene in which Gatsby demanded an explanation from Daisy regarding her earlier rejection of him, Redford gave a perfectly intense performance. But I was really impressed by that moment in which Gatsby met Daisy and Tom's daughter, Pammy. Redford conveyed a perfect mixture of surprise and wariness. In fact, I would say it was his best moment in the entire movie.Mia Farrow has received a good deal of praise for her portrayal of Daisy Buchanan. She will not receive any from me. I found her performance rather strident and grating. Her performance reminded me more like the wild and unstable Zelda Fitzgerald than the seductive and flaky Daisy. Another over-the-top performance came from Karen Black, who portrayed the grasping and adulterous Myrtle Wilson. She had some nice moments. Despite its protracted running time, Black's best scene featured Myrtle's account of her first meeting with Tom. I found it very subtle. But most of her scenes found her nearly screaming at the top of her lungs. "THE GREAT GATSBY" featured Lois Chiles' third screen role, in which she portrayed Daisy's Louisville friend, Jordan Baker. Honestly? I really do not know what to say about Chiles' performance other than I found it flat and dull. She looked good. That, I cannot deny. If one wants to see both Farrow and Chiles at their best, I would recommend 1978's "DEATH ON THE NILE", in which both actresses gave better performances.

The movie did feature some good performances. Sam Waterston gave a nice, subtle performance as Gatsby's neighbor and Daisy's cousin, Nick Carraway. He managed to project a good deal of emotion, while being subtle at the same time. My only complaint is that both he and Redford failed to generate any kind of chemistry as two neighbors who become friends. Scott Wilson gave an emotional, yet textured performance as Myrtle's cuckolded husband, George Wilson. The actor did a very good job in conveying both the character's passionate love for Myrtle and whipped personality. I also enjoyed Howard Da Silva's performance as Gatsby's bootlegging colleague, Meyer Wolfsheim. Although brief, I found his performance very entertaining and charming. By the way, Da Silva portrayed George Wilson in the 1949 version of Fitzgerald's novel. If I had to give an award for the movie's best performance, I would hand it over to Bruce Dern for his portrayal of Daisy's brutish and elitist husband, Tom Buchanan. Mind you, Dern did not exactly convey the picture of a sports-obsessed ex-jock with a powerful build. But he did an excellent job in portraying Tom's obsession with social position, warm passion for Myrtle and possessive regard for Daisy. More importantly, he managed to inject a great deal of energy in all of his scenes - especially the one featured at the Plaza Hotel suite. I must admit that I found one of his lines rather funny for two different reasons. Tom's complaint about Gatsby's pink suit struck me rather funny, thanks to Dern's delivery. But I also found it hilarious that Tom would complain about the color of Gatsby's suit, while wearing a purple one. If you doubt me, take a gander at the following image:



If the purple in Tom's suit had been any deeper, one would think he was a gauche social climber . . . or a pimp. Frankly, Dern's line would have been more effective if the actor's suit had possessed a more conservative color in that scene.

Overall, "THE GREAT GATSBY" is a beautiful looking movie to behold. And I believe it could have become a more energetic and interesting tale if the producers had hired a better director. I realize that Jack Clayton's reputation had been made due to his work on 1959's "ROOM AT THE TOP". But he really dropped the ball some fifteen years later, thanks to his dull and lethargic direction of "THE GREAT GATSBY". Cast members such as Bruce Dern and Sam Waterson managed to overcome Clayton's direction. Others failed to do so. This was especially the case for Robert Redford and Mia Farrow, who portrayed the movie's two main characters. And because of Clayton's poor direction, this version of "THE GREAT GATSBY" proved to be a big disappointment for me.

"THE GREAT GATSBY" (1974) Photo Gallery

Below are images from "THE GREAT GATSBY", the 1974 adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel. Directed by Jack Clayton, the movie starred Robert Redford, Mia Farrow and Sam Waterson: 


"THE GREAT GATSBY" (1974) Photo Gallery